When the diagnosis of BPH requires surgery to remove it, this is the best treatment. Adenoma is a benign tumor, but there is a risk of its transformation into cancer.
When surgery is needed
If a man is attentive to his health, a tumor can be detected in the early stages, when the adenoma is just developing. In this case, it will be possible to overcome the disease with the help of drug treatment, without the help of surgeons.
If prostate adenoma has managed to go into a severe stage, its removal is indicated. But how to notice the first changes and not lead to operations to remove, but also to the formation of a tumor? You need to know the causes of neoplasms and the mechanisms of its development. With age, all biological processes in the body slow down, incl. and hormone synthesis.
There is a deficiency of sex hormones, which leads to hormonal imbalance of the whole organism, and the male reproductive system in particular. For most men, this moment comes in 45 – 50 years. But more and more men under the age of forty complain about the improper functioning of the reproductive system. The reasons for this are simple:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- alcohol abuse;
- frequent stressful situations.
If heredity is added to these factors, then at the age of thirty, the production of testosterone in the body is significantly reduced. The female hormone progesterone begins to take its place. The latter is a hormone of pregnancy, it is responsible for the growth of the epithelium – the cells that form the inner surface of the genital organs. As a result, the thickness of the mucous membranes decreases, and its place begins to be occupied by cells that form a tumor.
Such neoplasms in most cases are benign in nature, and therefore the greatest danger is not the nature of the tumor, but its size. Adenoma volumes are visible even to the naked eye.
Growing, tumor cells squeeze the organs located nearby. The bladder and ureter are most affected by adenoma. Constant pressure on the first organ causes frequent urge to urinate.
The compressed ureters interfere with the normal outflow of urine. If an adenoma is detected at an early stage, when prostate cells in men are just beginning to grow, the patient is prescribed various types of drug therapy.
If they are ineffective, the doctor suggests surgical treatment, in which the tumor is removed. If surgery is not performed in a timely manner, there is a high probability that the tumor will degenerate into a malignant formation, when it will be necessary to remove not only the tumor, but also the prostate organ itself.
There are a number of cases when the tumor does not increase in size, the treatment gives a result, but doctors insist on surgical intervention. This happens when:
- severe urination disorders;
- prostatitis;
- the development of urinary tract infections;
- stones in the bladder.
All these conditions are not dangerous, but in combination with prostate adenoma, they can lead to severe complications, and sometimes even death.
Removal of the prostate. Adenomectomy
Adenomectomy
Removal of a benign formation is carried out in several ways. The main types of operations are:
- adenomectomy;
- transurethral resection;
- laser operation.
The very first operation to remove an adenoma was carried out using the adenomectomy method. The operation is performed under general anesthesia and refers to the abdominal methods of surgical intervention.
As soon as the organ is removed from the patient’s body, it is transferred for histological analysis. The purpose of the study is to confirm the nature of the tumor and the correctness of the chosen treatment method. If histology detects malignant cells, additional examinations, diagnostics and treatment will be required.
Unpleasant and unusual sensations quickly disappear, and the patient returns to his usual way of life.
Transurethral resection
This operation differs from other methods of surgical intervention: it can be done without a scalpel. Such an operation can be performed under local anesthesia, which reduces the risk of negative drug effects.
Transurethral resection is less traumatic than adenomectomy, but only a high-class specialist can carry it out.
On average, it takes no more than two hours. Through the catheter, the bladder is washed and the intensity of bleeding is monitored. On average, blood clots stop appearing on the fifth day after the operation, which makes it possible to remove the catheter.
Transurethral resection
The patient is still under medical supervision. On average, recovery after TURP takes 2-2.5 months. At the beginning of this period, a man may notice a cutting pain when going to the toilet, as well as urine, slightly stained with blood. These phenomena are a normal reaction of the urethra to the surgical intervention and disappear on their own.
On average, it takes no more than two hours. Through the catheter, the bladder is washed and the intensity of bleeding is monitored. On average, blood clots stop appearing on the fifth day after the operation, which makes it possible to remove the catheter.
The patient is under medical supervision for another day, and then goes home if there are no complaints about well-being. How much will a man need to recover from TUR? On average 2-2.5 months. At the beginning of this period, a man may notice a cutting pain when going to the toilet, as well as urine, slightly stained with blood.
Laser removal of prostate adenoma
This operation is indicated for patients suffering from blood pathologies (low coagulability) and for those whose tumor size does not exceed 1.5 cm.
The operation is carried out as follows: a special liquid is injected into the adenoma, which is heated by a laser. In the process of a chemical reaction in the tumor, vapors are formed that destroy the formed epithelium. Also, all the vessels that feed the neoplasm are thrombosed , which prevents bleeding from occurring.
The advantage of laser removal is the speed and almost complete absence of negative effects on the body. This operation lasts no more than an hour, catheters and drains are not used.
If the treatment is successful, the patient can return home after a few hours. Side effects are almost absent, and cases of potency disorders have not been recorded. This type of treatment for prostate adenoma is the most modern and preferred.